50 Cent Rapper Life Review Essay Sample

50 Cent Rapper Life Review Essay Sample 50 Cent Rapper Life Review Essay Example 50 Cent Rapper Life Review Essay Example Inspiration, difficult work, good karma, and excitement are the promise of progress. Regardless of the way that most of individuals partner accomplishment with cash, it is legitimately associated with the sentiment of fulfillment. Achievement includes a few fundamental parts of joy, particularly physical and profound wellbeing, enthusiastic and, at last, material prosperity. Considering the way that various artists, artists, and rappers are delegated fruitful individuals, the given paper plans to reveal insight into the splendid profession and fortune of 50 Cent in the circle of music and business. Life and Rap profession Contemplating the biographic information of 50 Cent, note that Curtis James Jackson III isn't just a perceived rapper yet an effective entertainer, financial specialist just as a business person (McKellop). In any case the way that 50 Cent confronted various issues in the past as the rapper took an interest in dissemination of medications during the â€Å"crack epidemic† during the 1980s, his â€Å"addiction† to music propelled him to conquer himself and push ahead towards his fantasy. At present, 50 Cent is one of the most prosperous and, simultaneously, smash hit rappers on the planet. Curtis Jackson effectively endure disappointment while in transit to progress and increased overall acknowledgment (McKellop). For instance, in 1994, while medicate managing and ownership, he had to invest some energy in the restorative training camp. In any case, this harsh beneficial experience didn't deter him while in transit to overall popularity. As it were, troublesome youth, mot her’s demise, and medication managing didn't demolish the determination of this well known man (McKellop). Rap vocation might be contrasted with a supposed direction point that spurred 50 Cent not to surrender and battle as far as possible. At present, an expected total assets of 50 Cent is equivalent to $140 million (McKellop). In spite of the way that numerous individuals guarantee that achievement and acclaim of 50 Cent are practically stunning, Curtis Jackson’s story is unimaginably rousing. There are various persuading proofs that clarify the remarkable achievement of 50 Cent as an overall prestigious rapper just as an incredible business person (Hamm). In the first place, it is fairly critical to take note of that 50 Cent always remembers about difficult work. As indicated by the perspective of 50 Cent, this standard is the most dependable in light of the fact that tenacious work will be remunerated in a specific snapshot of people’s life. Besides, extraordinary authenticity is viewed as the second key to progress. Robert Greene, the coauthor of the book The 50th Law communicates the possibility that 50 Cent has a remarkable capacity to evaluate certifiable circumstances in a fitting manner and make decisions about noteworthiness of these circumstances in the serious business world (Hamm). 50 Cent guarantees that individuals who need to prevail in future should concentrate on their encounters while beginning another business, since experience allows individuals to discover the exit from the most noticeably terrible circumstances. Life, as 50 Cent accepts, is a game, in this way experience is certainly not an exercise in futility, yet a significant wellspring of information and the one of a kind chance to keep away from life traps and mix-ups. Thirdly, the rapper guarantees that fruitful individuals should occupy room on the planet. As such, extraordinary certainty, hazard taking, and, at long last, daring conduct have impacted the achievement of 50 Cent (Hamm). 50 Cent is an exceptional individual since he shrouds his feelings of dread, wariness, and uncertainty before enormous business head honchos. In addition, 50 Cent is a driven and bold rapper that goes about as a pioneer in the business world. At last, companions of 50 Cent admit that he is an unfathomably persistent individual who has prevailing with regards to defeating debilitation and disappointments (Hamm). During the meeting with 50 Cent about his unprecedented achievement, he asserts that he followed various â€Å"rules† that helped him to push his fortunes. With in excess of 30 million collections sold during his splendid profession, this celebrated man has empowered a great many individuals around the world not to surrender in spite of various challenges. Considering the perspective of Evan Carmichael, 50 Cent is an extraordinary individual who began from the base and with the course of time rose to the highest point of progress, notoriety, riches, and fortune. Consequently, the most noteworthy standards that allowed the rapper to outperform himself are as per the following (Hamm): difficult work; excitement; thought and evaluation of past increases and mix-ups; understanding that cash isn't the main estimation of accomplishment; seeking after own fantasies; being prepared to acknowledge the hazard; having great comical inclination; being prepared to give back (Hamm). As indicated by the estimations of 50 Cent, he as a rapper has figured out how to make his rap vocation, and, therefore, melodic achievement since he never surrenders. In one of his ongoing meetings, 50 Cents gives certain proposals or â€Å"tips† to individuals who are happy to make progress in their life (Western). Most importantly, 50 Cent guarantees that the main voice that truly matters is yours. At the end of the day, the rapper guarantees that skepticism and questions keep individuals from pushing ahead. Furthermore, 50 Cent admits that he has consistently attempted to rehash himself since this remarkable element gives him the amazing opportunity to adjust to changing states of the business condition. In such a manner, alleged â€Å"reinvention† will offer an opportunity to each lover to be tuned-in and go with the occasions (Western). Thirdly, the rapper guarantees that effective individuals ought not bargain their character. In basic words, the rapper guarantee s that on the off chance that family, companions, and family members state that one’s dreams are ridiculous, individuals ought to overlook them since they will neglect to arrive at their fantasies with such â€Å"reliable† support (Western). Fourthly, the rapper expresses that he has consistently continued working. 50 Cent accepts that things will consistently turn out badly on the off chance that lethargy surpasses endeavors and work. Tirelessness, trust in close to home qualities, and energy will allow individuals to accomplish enormity. Fifthly, 50 Cent admits that he has given as long as he can remember to his fantasies (Western). For example, the expression â€Å"get rich or bite the dust trying† is viewed as the existence philosophy of 50 Cent. Also, it is critical to take note of the way this recognized rapper expresses the demise ought to propel individuals as opposed to devastating them. For example, during one of the meetings, 50 Cent says that when he about kicked the bucket, it made him imagine that it could happen again any second (Western). Thusly, he settled on a choice to live like he had never lived. As such, nothing should stop individuals on their approach to progress. In this way, individuals ought not be exhausted and do nothing on the grounds that the hour of each individual is constrained. In this manner, 50 Cent asserts that individuals who long for cash, achievement, and satisfaction should gain ground towards their inward objectives, travel, get new encounters, and meet new individuals (Western). The celebrated rapper insists that he has figured out how to battle weariness and lethargy. He guarantees that numerous individuals in this world are troubled in light of the fact that they neglect to adapt to fatigue (Western). At last, 50 Cent, perhaps the wealthiest big name in the realm of music, is persuaded that each negative experience is really a positive one since disappointment shares nothing for all intents and purpose with an all out misfortune. Actually, disappointment ought to be comprehended as an inescapable component or part of the achievement that radically builds the odds of individuals to do things the correct way (Western). Having decided, examined, and surveyed triumphs and fortunes of 50 Cent in the circle of music and business enterprise, I might want to pressure that the life story of 50 Cent has truly enlivened me. In spite of the way that I am not an expert who can pass judgment on such a notable character as 50 Cent, and censure his victories just as disappointments in music and budgetary circles, I accept that 50 Cent is a â€Å"created person†. At the end of the day, I am a defender of the possibility that heritability and qualities share nothing for all intents and purpose with his colossal achievement and worldwide acknowledgment. Despite what might be expected, I am persuaded that he â€Å"created† himself, his popularity, and riches with the assistance of his longing, energy, difficult character, and very much created authority characteristics. To be completely forthright, I imagine that 50 Cent doesn't set limitations and confinements on what he can accomplish. Subsequently, he has prevailing with regards to turning into a well off business visionary, entertainer, artist, and rapper since he never puts confines on himself and his qualities. He is an independent and certain individual who has gotten his own chief. At long last, I might want to summarize that I incredibly value his duty to his work, commitment with his fans or adherents, and, at last his altruism. Regardless of his money related issues and various defects, I accept that 50 Cent is perhaps the most splendid case of eminent superstars who made careful arrangements so as to pick up inconceivably tremendous melodic and business triumphs. To be completely forthright, in the event that I had a chance, I would do nothing another way on the phase of hip jump and money since I totally consent to the choices of 50 Cent. At the end of the day, I accept that huge achievement of this rapper in the circles of business and music might be clarified by the correct choices he made. In this man ner, as I would like to think, he was not mixed up when he chose to consolidate rapper profession with enterprise, ventures, and, at last, charity. I guess that such proposals of 50 Cent as finding gigantic open doors even in disappointments, keeping the stream moving, regarding process just as understanding, ignoring the cutoff points, and, at long last, facing the mortality might be foll

Role of advertising in launching a New Dance school

A move school is an establishment that understudies keen on moving can get familiar with artful dance, including practice. Diverse move schools give an assortment of moving styles. So as to dispatch another move school in the US, it is important to break down the market. This would remember for profundity evaluation of different move schools in the U.S. advertise, along with items and administrations advertised. The U.S. move schools offer an assortment of classes in hip-bounce, tap, jazz and melodic theater dance.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Role of publicizing in propelling a New Dance school explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Julliard School Based in New York, Julliard is a private move school oversaw by President Joseph Polisi. Julliard School has roughly 800 universities, which offers an assortment of moves. Since its foundation in 1905, the organization has figured out how to offer preparing administrations to more than 800 understudies in music, dramatization and move over the US. Inquires about demonstrate that Julliard School affirmation rate for understudies has expanded from 7.6% in the year 2007 to 8.0% in 2009. Be that as it may, in 2011 Julliard School conceded 5.6% of candidates. The establishment has different assortments including ensembles, orchestral compositions, and jazz. Julliard School is centered around raising $300,000,000 to empower it continue the market as respects to performing expressions in the new decade. Julliard publicizes its administrations and items in different media for rising mindfulness, including diaries, for example, those distributed by Random House and Norton. The New York Public Library additionally publicizes administrations offered by Julliard School. All things considered, the foundation has its site that help with publicizing administrations at the worldwide level that is, https://www.juilliard.edu/. The adverts of this association typically target undergrad and graduate understudies. Artful dance San Jose Ballet San Jose is a move association that is presently arranged in California, US. The organization was built up with a point of giving San Jose area proficient aptitudes in moving that is, such that praises the vision of different craftsmen. The expressive dance offered by this school additionally targets satisfying the masterful guidelines, just as satisfying social prerequisites of the general public it serves. The advert made by this organization typically focuses on a more extensive crowd. Constantly 2007, Ballet San Jose had more than 100 customary and contemporary moves (Giddens 78). Coordinated by Dennis Nahat, the foundation has artists from different nations, including the U.S., Japan, Canada, Vietnam, and France, among others. Directly, Ballet San Jose has more than 450 understudies. The association has for since quite a while ago focused on youngsters in danger and youthful crowds. It promotes its administrations and items through di fferent media, for example, New York Times and San Francisco Chronicle. Likewise, some of its commercials are done by means of its authority website.Advertising Looking for article on publicizing? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Roland Dupree Dance Academy Ronald Dupree Dance Academy is arranged in Hollywood, US. It has pulled in artists over the world attributable to the school’s assortment of teachers from different fields including film, TV and stage. In organization with Mary Jean, Roland prevailing to open Dupree Casting that represents considerable authority in film and TV moving. Right now, Roland Dupree Dance Academy has put resources into youngster acting office alluded to as the Youth Academy of Dramatic Arts. Ronald Dupree Dance Academy by and large promotes its occasions and administrations through the New York Times since they trust it is the best vehicle of ad. Quality and shortcoming Although paper and diaries are normally utilized as mechanisms of ad, they are as of now eliminated by the web. Numerous associations are by and by thinking that its increasingly clever to publicize their administrations through sites since numerous clients are currently getting to it (Dave 12). One of the qualities of promoting administrations through the media is that they make mindfulness in general society consequently expanding the productivity of the association. One of the shortcomings is that promoting can be inadequate on the off chance that the right medium isn't utilized. This would add up to misfortunes through the expenses of promoting. Works Cited Dave, Evans. Online life Marketing: An Hour a Day. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing, 2010. Print. Giddens, Anthony. The Consequences of Modernity. Malden: Blackwell Publishers, 2009. Print. This article on Role of publicizing in propelling a New Dance school was composed and put together by client Nakia to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Spring 2018 Transfer Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Spring 2018 Transfer Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Spring 2018 Transfer Update Today, our office started reviewing Spring 2018 transfer applications. This is earlier than I expected, but we are way ahead of the timelines we have predicted for Summer/Fall transfers updates and final HS transcript reviews for freshmen. The 8/15 application deadline for spring has not passed and we are still receiving applications and documents, so we cannot say how long it will take us to finish or guess when you will hear a decision. If you applied for the spring term, please be sure to check your Status page to see if we have your most up-to-date transcript(s). If you were enrolled in coursework this summer and have not sent a transcript with your summer grades, you should have one sent as soon as possible. To be complete and ready to review, we must have a transcript from each college/university you havepreviouslyattended. If you are attending a new college starting in the Fall 2017 semester, we do not need a transcript, as there will not be any grades on the transcript. If yo u are admitted, we will need a transcript when fall term is done, though, as we will need to post these grades. Just like Summer and Fall transfer decisions, we will release our decisions every Friday in the late afternoon, and emails will go out to students roughly 15 minutes after a decision is released indicating a change to a students status (no decision information is in the email, as it directs applicants to the status page for a decision). As such, there is no need to constantly check your status page or contact us by email or phone, as we only release decisions by the status page and by mail. Generally, our office reviews transfer files chronologically based on when the file is complete (all materials are in), but this is not set in stone, as some file reviews might be delayed due to the complexity of the transcripts or due to our office not having past data on transferable work from certain colleges. We will be reviewing Spring Freshmen applicants sometime in mid-late September after the deadline has passed and all files are ready for review. Go Dawgs!

Class Inequality Impacted Individuals On The Lower End Of...

Many individuals in the country are struggling to make ends meet on a good day, so what happens when disaster strikes? They are unprepared, have a harder time recovering, and their risk and devastation are increased in the disaster. Class inequality impacts individuals on the lower end of the scale. They have less access to resources to prepare themselves before the disaster strikes, and after disaster strikes they have even less resources to recover with. Lower class individuals are also at a higher risk of devastation during a disaster because they cannot always escape before the disaster hits or have the potential to live in areas that are less likely to be affected. Individuals with less resources are often times unprepared for disasters because all of their time, money, and energy is spent on what is currently happening. For many, they cannot afford to pay all of their bills on time and cannot put money back for emergencies that may or may not happen. A lot of individuals wi th lower incomes or no incomes are already living in places that are unsafe, and many do not own their own homes and do not have renter s insurance because in their opinion that is an extra unnecessary bill. Some individuals are not healthy enough to prepare for disasters because they cannot afford health care and can barely work enough to stay in poverty and out of homelessness. In the case of homeless individuals, they have no resources whatsoever. If they live in shelters or on the streetsShow MoreRelatedThe Working Poor by D. Shipler Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pagesfind them as we understand them to be the working class. There are those that may express the thought of having a job is a means of not only taking care of everyday natural needs, but it should produce the opportunity to rise above status quo or improve one’s condition, thus we see the Functionalist perspective applied. The reading brings to mind those that render our communities a humble service, working in what society may deem as a dead end job; the terminology often used for those in low wageRead MoreThe Social Problem That I Chose For My Final Paper Is Poverty1592 Words   |  7 Pagesis Poverty in America. Poverty is the general scarcity, dearth, or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. Since the early 1800s, industrialization and immigration has brought poverty of a new kind and on a new scale to American cities. I have chosen the topic of poverty because it is apart of my everyday life and world. Being a city kid from New York, I see homeless and poverty filled streets to the extreme. 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The social and economic environment is a key factor in determining the health status of individuals (WHO, 2010). The role of the midwife according to O’Luanaigh et al (2005) in promoting better public health is an integralRead MoreHuman Incarceration Of African Americans Essay2327 Words   |  10 Pagescertain things such as our race, age, sex, social class, or physical/mental disabilities; we just are aware of the different scenarios that humans could possible face and the facts of humanity. Rawls believes that by having self-interested rational individuals, masked by the Veil of Ignorance, it would create a fair procedure in which fair principles would be chosen in order to govern the world. With this in mind, Rawls argues that these individuals would choose two principles, Principle of Equal

Cask of Amontillado - 1545 Words

Foreshadowing the Fate in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† In â€Å"Cask of Amontillado,† Edgar Allan Poe presents a murderous tale of revenge revealed as the confession of a man who murdered another man over fifty years ago because of an â€Å"insult.† During a carnival festival, the murderer led his companion to the catacombs where he buried the man alive. The charter of Montresor lures his victim, Fortunato with the promise of a fine sherry, amontillado. As Poe’s character of Montresor guides the wine connoisseur, Fortunato, Poe symbolically foreshadows the impending murder. Before even reading the story Poe foreshadows Fortunato’s fate with the title of the story. In the title of Poe’s â€Å"Cask of Amontillado† the â€Å"cask† is short for casket.†¦show more content†¦The Danes were creeping forward in a night raid when one of their party stepped on a thistle. His outcry roused the Scots, who fell upon the Danes with great fury and slaughtered them. Ever since, the thistle ha s been adopted as the insignia of Scotland, with the motto Nemo me impune lacessit. In the Montresor coat-of-arms, it is a snake that is stepped on, but the important similitude is the foot stepping to its own destruction. (Cervo 155-156) Fortunato, much like the Danes, fits what the coat of arms portrayed because he is stepping to his own demise. As Montresor guild Fortunato through his catacombs there are many signs of the impending doom that looms over Fortunato’s head. Montresor leads his companion through his family catacombs, a massive underground graveyard were many dead have been brought. Montresor has brought Fortunato there to bury him without honor by killing him in the Montresor family catacombs and not returning his body to his family graves. Throughout the trip in the catacombs Montresor points out a symbol of death the nitre. The nitre is used to make gunpowder a device used in the killing of many people. When Montresor asks Fortunato to pass his hand by the nitre and touch it he is telling Fortunato to touch death. The conditions in the catacombs also foreshadow the future of Fortunato. The nitre on the wall is cause by cold and wet conditions which causesShow MoreRelatedThe Cask of Am ontillado514 Words   |  2 PagesThe amontillado was a significant symbol because it is what is used to lure fortunate and represents a rare, â€Å"fortunate would clearly imply that is man of good fortunate, when the actual cause is that he is about to scuffs a mostly untimely demise† which is ironic because fortunato is not very fortunito. â€Å"montresor plans to take revenge on fortunate for insulting him in a big manner, that montresor wants to kill him. â€Å" montresor lures fortunateRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesWriter Kurt Vonnegut created eight tips that should be applied for any great story. 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They both seem to start with some type of loss and end with a type of madness. In both stories Montresor and Penny from â€Å"The Thing in The Forest† have lost something affecting their lives greatly. These losses put these characters in some type of state of madness. Their loss make these storiesRead MoreRevenge In The Cask Of Amontillado1293 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is an American author famously known for short stories of mystery and horror. One of the many short stories that Edgar Allan Poe is known for is The Cask of Amontillado. This short story is about Montressor’s seek of revenge to Fortunato who had hurt him a â€Å"thousand times† and learned that Fortunato laughed at his â€Å"proud name, Montressor, the name of an old and honored family† (Poe). Montressor devises a plan of revenge by us ing Fortunato’s â€Å"great weakness; he liked to drink goodRead More The Cask of Amontillado1774 Words   |  8 PagesIn Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† the main character, Montresor, leads his enemy, Fortunato, into his catacombs, and there buries him alive by bricking him up in a niche in the wall; Poe gives no actual reason for this except to say that Montresor has been â€Å"insulted† in some way. In his Science Fiction work â€Å"Usher II,† Ray Bradbury adopts many of Poe’s works in creating his story—including pieces from â€Å"TCoA.† What separates Bradbury’s work from other authors who borrow works and re-imagineRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado Essay461 Words   |  2 PagesThe Cask of Amontillado is considered to be one of the best short stories. Written by Edgar Allan Poe in first person and having all the main events as a three hundred page fiction book, The Cask of Amontillado is a compl ete novel. This short story has several themes which function from the first page of the story such as: suspense, fear, and revenge. Fear, suspense, and the upcoming revenge can be seen on the first line of the story when Montresor says, The thousand injuries I had borne asRead MoreAnalysis Of The Cask Of Amontillado 1277 Words   |  6 PagesIt is often said that revenge is sweet, but that phrase does not hold to be extremely true throughout The Cask of Amontillado. There are various themes and lessons throughout the story, but there is one theme that seems to be shown more than others. The most prevalent theme is that jealousy can lead to vengeance, and ultimately lead to the downfall, or even death, of a person. This theme is clearly evident through the two main characters, Montresor and Fortunato. By looking closer at Montresor’sRead MoreAnalysis Of The Cask Of Amontillado 2056 Words   |  9 PagesIn The Cask of Amontillado Montresor lived for fifty years after killing Fortunato and he narrates the events of the story coldly and that leads some to wonder whether or not Montresor has changed and if he has changed how did he change. Over the fifty years between the events of The Cask Of Amontillado and the time when Montresor narrates the story, time changed Montresor into a guilty and shamed man that may have PTSD. The plot is simple Montresor has been insulted by Fortunato and he wants revenge

3 Common Problems with Internship Programs Free Essays

3 Common Problems with Internship Programs Suggested Solutions Many internships programs are plagued with problems. From not planning correctly to sometimes leaving an intern in the dark, a lot of companies do not take proactive measures to ensure the intern has a meaningful experience. However, this not only makes the internship unfulfilling, it may also leave a bad taste in the intern’s mouth, which could lead to company bashing or deterring others from applying in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on 3 Common Problems with Internship Programs or any similar topic only for you Order Now The good news is that many failing internship programs can be salvaged. Here are three common problems and how to fix them: The internship is one-sided. Many interns commit to an internship with the promise of creating relationships with the members of the organization, as well as establishing contacts through networking. However, some interns find that programs are very one-sided and benefits like having a mentor are almost non-existent. However, the whole point of an internship is to learn from more experienced professionals. So, you may want to think about spending more time mentoring your intern by asking them what you can do to assist them with their goals and helping them grow from intern to young professional. Think about creating an internship plan, meeting with your intern on a regular basis, and keeping them informed on company news. The more feedback you give them, the more your intern learns. Tasks are unrelated or irrelevant. We’ve all heard the internship stereotypes, like coffee runner, cabinet filer, or document copier. While these tasks obviously need to be done by someone, it probably shouldn’t be the highlight of an internship program. For example, if you work in an architecture firm and need an intern, their tasks could include things like assisting in creating blueprints, suggesting additions to site planning, or helping to manage a client deal. These are real experiences. After all, you’re only discrediting your image and the image of your company if you continue to dish out menial tasks. If you’re not going have a meaningful internship program, what’s the point of even having one? The â€Å"just an intern† syndrome. Many of us have had the â€Å"just an intern† syndrome. It happens when the intern doesn’t feel like a real part of the team or a real asset, so they glide through the program with little to no experience. However, this is not just a waste of time for the intern (and frankly, for your company). It could lower your rate of production and the quality of work since there may not be an incentive, either through pay or appreciation. So, what can you do to flip the â€Å"just an intern† mentality? How about giving your intern real responsibilities that will contribute to the well-being of your team and the organization? It’s not as crazy as it sounds. By giving someone an actual reason to perform at their highest level, you could make them feel important, thus increasing the chances of efficiency and putting their work to a higher standard. Ultimately it comes down to appreciation. We all want to feel like we positively contributed to a job and were credited for it. Make sure your internship program reflects this as well. Sources: www. internadvocate. com How to cite 3 Common Problems with Internship Programs, Papers

Mobile Phones free essay sample

My cell phone is my best friend. Its my lifeline to the outside world. Carrie Underwood Like every body here my cell phone is my best friend. Thanks to martin cooper who has invented such a lovely gadget which has stored a mini world in it. and thanks to Android Inc who has given such a beautiful OS where we can download many apps. And coming to the topic now I am basically not so extrovert so that it helps me a lot in passing my time especially when I feel lonely. I never feel bad that I am staying away from home because whenever I want where ever I am I can Speak to my Parents and fight with my brother. And I can access to FB and can chat with all my friends. Where ever I go If I can see some thing beautiful I don need to worry that I am not carrying may camera with me. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Phones or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have my mobile phone which can replace the camera and will give beautiful pictures. Unfortunately, although it may be a good idea for youngsters to have them, not one of them would accept a simple basic cell phone that only made calls and sent SMS would they? Although the increase in cell phone popularity may not have been expected to reach such a high level, the manufacturers have improved the cell phone enormously in a very short space of time. Manufacturers and Computer Experts have introduced the possibility of giving your phone personality by introducing cellular phone wallpapers. The internet has been a big help with obtaining wallpaper directly available online. Now, using the cell phones own camera, images can be used as wallpaper and even sent to other phones. If you prefer you can use an image you have captured previously on your own digital camera but the process takes a little longer to install. Why not add some text as well, possibly something funny to your cellular phone wallpaper, just to add a little more of your personality. Those people that have older models may not be able to do this but it really shouldnt matter or make you feel as if you are missing out on something. Cell phone ring tones are another way of giving you phone that individual feel so even if your phone cannot change its background, you may find that the ring tone can be changed to make your model more individual. You must never forget what the cell-phone is actually for and remember that sending a SMS text does not need the most popular background or ring tone to help it on its way! Functionality does not necessitate cellular phone wallpapers; their use is only to dress up your phone and for the purpose of flaunting your cell-phones high technology features, nothing more. Try to bear in mind that not everyone is interested in your life and conversations so as a final point try to think of others when you use your phone. Many people will judge you by how you use your cell-phone as it shows what type of person you are. There are many locations where it is not suitable, or accepted that a cell phone should be used, and you will have more respect from others if you turn it off when you are in this type of situation. Good behavior can be catching and yours may lead others to do the same, be different, do not do what others do just because it is easier. It is a two-way thing, if you exhibit telephone etiquette, the people around you will do the same. Now with the fast paced life that most of us live with in juggling work and family we have entered into the mobile Internet era. I, myself thought I would never need a mobile phone with internet access so when I purchased my current phone which is a smart phone I was surprised how much I rely on the internet use.

Biography of Janet Emerson Bashen, American Inventor

Biography of Janet Emerson Bashen, American Inventor Janet Emerson Bashen (born February 12, 1957) is an American inventor and entrepreneur and the first African-American woman to hold a patent for a software invention. The patented software, LinkLine, is a web-based application for Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) claims intake and tracking, claims management, and document management. Bashen has been inducted into the Black Inventors Hall of Fame and is the recipient of numerous awards for her business and technological achievements. Fast Facts: Janet Emerson Bashen Known For: Emerson is the first African-American woman to secure a patent for a software invention.Also Known As: Janet EmersonBorn: February 12, 1957 in Mansfield, OhioEducation: Alabama AM University, University of Houston, Rice UniversityAwards and Honors: National Association of Negro Women in Business Crystal Award, Black Inventors Hall of Fame, Houston, Texas Chamber of Commerce Pinnacle AwardSpouse: Steven BashenChildren: Blair Alise Bashen, Drew Alec BashenNotable Quote: â€Å"My success and failures make me who I am and who I am is a black woman raised in the south by working-class parents who tried to give me a better life by fostering a fervent commitment to succeed.† Early Life Janet Emerson Bashen was born Janet Emerson on February 12, 1957, in Mansfield, Ohio. She was raised in Huntsville, Alabama, where her mother was the citys first black nurse. Bashen attended an elementary school that had only recently been integrated, and she faced discrimination throughout her childhood and youth. After attending Alabama AM University, a historically black college, Emerson married Steven Bashen and relocated to Houston, Texas. Years later after achieving her business success, Bashen said that growing up in the South sparked her interest in social inequality and diversity: â€Å"As a black girl growing up in the segregated South, I asked my parents many questions; they didnt have answers. This started a life-long quest of trying to understand our country’s history and struggle with issues of race. This research led me to gender issues and then my passion with EEO grew into a business interest that has evolved, incorporating diversity and inclusion initiatives.† Education Bashen earned a degree in legal studies and government from the University of Houston and completed postgraduate studies at Rice University’s Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Administration. She later earned a certificate from Harvard University for her participation in the â€Å"Women and Power: Leadership in a New World program. Bashen also has a masters degree from Tulane Law School, where she studied labor and employment law. Bashen Corporation Bashen is the founder, president, and CEO of Bashen Corporation, a leading human resources consulting firm that pioneered end-to-end Equal Employment Opportunities (EEO) compliance administration services. Bashen established the company in September 1994, building the business from her home office with no money, only one client, and a fervent commitment to succeed. As the business grew, Bashen began servicing more and more clients, and this demand led her to design her own case management software known as LinkLine. Bashen earned a patent for this tool in 2006, making her the first African-American woman to earn a patent for a software invention. For Bashen, the tool was a way to simplify claims tracking and document management by replacing the cumbersome paper process used by most businesses at the time: â€Å"I came up with the idea in 2001. Not everyone had a cell phone in 2001. I saw that papers in process got lost. There had to be a way to take in complaints- something Web-based and accessible away from the office...We worked months and months on the design. At the same time, I contacted a very large law firm and told the team I wanted to see if I could get a patent because no one was doing this. Bashen and her company have been recognized nationally for their business achievements. In May 2000, Bashen testified before Congress regarding the effect of the FTC opinion letter on third-party discrimination investigations. Bashen, along with Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee, D-Texas, were key figures in a debate that resulted in a change in legislation. In October 2002, Bashen Corporation was named one of America’s entrepreneurial growth leaders by Inc. Magazine in its annual ranking of the nation’s fastest-growing private companies, with an increase in sales of 552%. In October 2003, Bashen was given the Pinnacle Award by the Houston Citizens Chamber of Commerce. Bashen is also the recipient of the prestigious Crystal Award, presented by the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women’s Clubs, Inc., for achievement in business. In 2010, she was recognized at the World Festival of Black Arts and Culture in Dakar, Senegal. Since creating LinkLine, Bashen has developed additional tools to bolster and support diversity in the workplace. One of these is AAP Advisory, a division of Bashen Corporation that offers guidance to clients on best practices for affirmative action in the workplace. The company has an advisory team in place to help businesses achieve diversity within their organizations. Bashens AAPLink is a software service designed to assist with such diversity efforts. Bashen also runs the hotline 1-800Intake, a tool to help small- and medium-sized businesses receive and manage workplace complaints. Together, this suite of tools enables businesses to ensure they are following the best practices for building diverse and inclusive environments. Public Service Bashen serves on the board of directors for the North Harris Montgomery County Community College District Foundation and chairs the corporate advisory board of the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women’s Clubs, Inc. She is also a board member of PrepProgram, a non-profit organization dedicated to preparing at-risk student-athletes for college. In 2014, she served on the women’s leadership board at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. Sources Ackerman, Lauren. â€Å"Janet Emerson Bashen (1957- ) BlackPast.†Ã‚  BlackPast.Holmes, Keith C.  Black Inventors: Crafting over 200 Years of Success. Global Black Inventor Research Projects, 2008.Montague, Charlotte.  Women of Invention: Life-Changing Ideas by Remarkable Women. Crestline Books, 2018.

Howler Monkey Facts (Alouatta)

Howler Monkey Facts (Alouatta) Howler monkeys (genus Alouatta) are the largest New World monkeys. They are the loudest land animal, producing howls that can be heard up to three miles away. Fifteen species and seven subspecies of howler monkey are currently recognized. Fast Facts: Howler Monkey Scientific Name: AlouattaCommon Names: Howler monkey, New World baboonBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: Head and body: 22-36 inches; tail: 23-36 inchesWeight: 15-22 poundsLifespan: 15-20 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: Central and South American forestsPopulation: DecreasingConservation Status: Least Concern to Endangered Description Like other New World monkeys, howler monkeys have wide side-set nostrils and furred prehensile tails with naked tips that help the primates grip tree branches. Howler monkeys have beards and long, thick hair in shades of black, brown, or red, depending on sex and species. The monkeys are sexually dimorphic, with males 3 to 5 pounds heavier than females. In some species, such as the black howler monkey, mature males and females have different coat colors. Howler monkeys are the largest New World monkeys, with head and body length averaging 22 to 36 inches. One characteristic of the species is its extremely long, thick tail. The average tail length is 23 to 36 inches, but there are howler monkeys with tails five times their body length. Adults weigh between 15 and 22 pounds. Like humans, but unlike other New World monkeys, howlers have trichromatic vision. Both male and female howler monkeys have an enlarged hyoid bone (Adams apple) that helps them make extremely loud calls. Males and females are different colors in some howler monkey species. Tier Und Naturfotografie J und C Sohns / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Howler monkeys live in the tropical forests of Central and South America. They spend their lives in the tree canopy, only rarely descending to the ground. Howler monkey distribution. Miguelrangeljr IUCN / Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License Diet The monkeys primarily forage tree leaves from the upper canopy, but also eat fruit, flowers, nuts, and buds. They sometimes supplement their diet with eggs. Like other mammals, howler monkeys cannot digest cellulose from leaves. Bacteria in the large intestine ferment cellulose and produce nutrient-rich gases which the animals use as an energy source. Behavior Obtaining energy from leaves is an inefficient process, so howler monkeys are generally slow-moving and live within relatively small home ranges (77 acres for 15 to 20 animals). Males vocalize at dawn and dusk to identify their position and communicate with other troops. This minimizes conflict over feeding and sleeping grounds. Troop ranges overlap, so howling lessens the need for males to patrol territories or fight. Each troop consists of six to 15 animals, usually containing one to three adult males. Mantled howler monkey troops are larger and contain more males. Howler monkeys rest in the trees about half of the day. Reproduction and Offspring Howler monkeys reach sexual maturity around 18 months of age and display sexual readiness by tongue-flicking. Mating and birth may occur at any time of the year. Mature females give birth every two years. Gestation is 180 days for the black howler monkey and results in a single offspring. At birth, both male and female black howler monkeys are blond, but males turn black at two and a half years of age. In other species the color of the young and adults is the same for both sexes. Adolescent males and females leave their parents troop to join unrelated troops. The average life expectancy of a howler monkey is 15 to 20 years. Conservation Status Howler monkey IUCN conservation status varies according to species, ranging from least concern to endangered. The population trend is unknown for some species and decreasing for all others. Howler monkeys are protected in parts of their range. Threats The species faces multiple threats. Like other New World monkeys, howlers are hunted for food. They face habitat loss and degradation from deforestation and land development for residential, commercial, and agricultural use. Howler monkeys also face competition from other species, such as spider monkeys and woolly monkeys. Howler Monkeys and Humans Howler monkeys are not aggressive toward humans and are sometimes kept as pets despite their loud vocalizations. Some Mayan tribes worshiped howler monkeys as gods. Sources Boubli, J., Di Fiore, A., Rylands, A.B. Mittermeier, R.A. Alouatta nigerrima. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T136332A17925825. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T136332A17925825.enGroves, C.P. Order Primates. In: D.E. Wilson and D.M. Reeder (eds), Mammal Species of the World, pp. 111-184. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 2005.Neville, M. K., Glander, K. E., Braza, F. and Rylands, A. B. The howling monkeys, genus Alouatta. In: R. A. Mittermeier, A. B. Rylands, A. F. Coimbra-Filho an G. A. B. da Fonseca (ed.), The Ecology and Behavior of Neotropical Primates, Vol. 2, pp. 349–453, 1988. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA.Sussman, R. Primate Ecology and Social Structure, Vol. 2: New World Monkeys, Revised First Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 142–145. July, 2003. ISBN 978-0-536-74364-0.

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and Kemalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and Kemalism - Essay Example This is the official cult. His biography is read like hagiography of saints. After more than half a century after his death most of the Turks with bated breath speak about the penetrating gaze of his blue eyes, his tireless energy, strength of mind and indomitable will. Mustafa Kemal was born in Thessaloniki in Greece. At that time the area was controlled by the Ottoman Empire. His father was a middle-ranking customs official, his mother - a peasant. After a difficult childhood, lived in poverty due to early death of his father, the boy entered the Salonica Military School, then the Monastir Military High School and in 1889, finally, the Ottoman Military Academy in Istanbul. There, in addition to military disciplines, Kemal studied the works of Rousseau, Voltaire, Hobbes and other philosophers and thinkers that certainly influenced his views. At the age of 20, during training, Kemal and his friends joined a secret revolutionary society - Vatan ve Hà ¼rriyet (Motherland and Liberty). Failing to come to understanding with the other members of the society, Kemal left Vatan and joined the Committee of Union and Progress, which has collaborated with the movement of the Young Turks (Turkish bourgeois revolutionary movement, setting a task to replace the sultan’s autocracy with constitutional order). Kemal was personally acquainted with many key figures in the Young Turk movement and was involved in the coup in 1908. At the outbreak of the World War I, Kemal, who despised the Germans, was shocked by the fact that the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire became their ally. However, in spite of the personal views, he skillfully commanded the troops entrusted to him. So, in Gallipoli, in April 1915, he blunted the attack of the British forces several weeks, earning the nickname â€Å"Savior of Istanbul†. It was one of the few victories of the Turks in the war. He told his subordinates not only to attack but to die. It is

Quality Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quality Model - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that for a business to succeed, it is necessary to have strategies to ensure optimal productivity to meet customers’ needs and attain company objectives. Quality management entails customer satisfaction, improving management, involvement of employees and reaching company goals. Total quality management involves every facet of a business together with sections like research marketing, and development, sales and human resources. The basic tenets of total quality management range from satisfying the customer, satisfying the supplier, and consistent improvement of the business. This essay explains the primary elements of the three spheres of quality model. It further describes the organizational activities that fall within each of these spheres. The first element of the three spheres of quality model is total quality management. According to Nguyen and Derstine, this is a crucial factor for businesses to prosper both internally and exter nally. Internal success in the company takes into account state of products and services to meet customer expectations. The organization also needs employees to be fully productive through keeping workers content. In terms of external success, company profitability can lead to market success. Companies that trade publicly and have higher standard of total quality management are more likely to succeed and end up having more profitable market shares. Traditional accounting systems have for a long time failed to consider measures.

Reflexology benefits which community mental health clients experience

Reflexology benefits which community mental health clients experience Reflexology is growing in popularity in its use for a wide range of conditions such as pain management, to ease the effects of cancer treatment, and indeed mental health problems. Reflexology, a complementary therapy, has been around for many years and its main purpose is ultimately to aid relaxation and restore energy. Literature suggests that it may improve quality of life and promote well-being. An increasing demand for Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAMS) emphasises the need for more research, therefore this research proposal suggests that further research is required to understand more clearly the benefits perceived by clients when reflexology is utilised in conjunction with their exiting plan of care. SEARCH STRATEGY A comprehensive literature search was conducted in relation to reflexology for mental health illness, in particular anxiety and anxiety related disorders. It was the intention to locate valid and reliable research carried out within the last ten years, however expanding this period located much more research that was considered relevant, and thus has been included within the literature review. The main databases for the literature included Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Web of Knowledge, Swetwise, PubMed, British Nursing Index (BNI), Internurse,Wiley Interscience, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED) , EBSCO, and DARE (Centre for reviews and dissemination). Keywords used within the search strategy included: reflexology, anxiety, mental health, complementary therapies, complementary medicine, perceptions of reflexology, CAMS for enduring mental health, holistic care in psychiatry, holistic approach to mental health, zone-therapy and therapeutic touch. Additional literature was sourced from The Association of Reflexology. A manual search was also conducted for relevant books and leaflets. Searching literature revealed much quantitative and qualitative research on the topic of reflexology, the majority of which was related to reflexology for physical conditions such as cancer (of various types), multiple sclerosis, and skeletal ailments. A relatively small number was associated with mental health illnesses. LITERATURE REVIEW As mentioned there is an abundance of information and research with regards to the perceived benefits of CAMS including reflexology, however methodological flaws exist within some of these studies. Here, the researcher will attempt to give a critical, yet an evaluative account, on some of the research already published on the topic of reflexology. In addition, the researcher will draw upon previous research that has been carried out on why clients use reflexology, thus understanding reasons as to why it is becoming a popular complimentary therapy. Complimentary and alternative therapies incorporate a wide spectrum of approaches, however according to the National Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2007) they can be grouped into five main categories which are alternative medical systems, mind-body interventions, biologically based therapies, manipulative and body based therapies, and energy therapies. It is important to point out that these diverse modalities to not aim to neither diagnose or cure an illness; they merely aim to promote wellness and enhance wellbeing (Mamtani and Cimino, 2002). In recent years complementary therapies have seen an increase in popularity (Harris and Rees, 2000; Kessler et al, 2001; Russinova, 2009) for all age groups (Barnes and Bloom, 2008) and the reasons for this are varied. Change the start of this paragraph†¦ The Complementary and Alternative Medicines Project (2008) was commissioned by the Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety (DHSSPS) in 2000. Get Well UK a non-profit organisation was appointed to oversee the project. A large sample of 713 clients who had either musculoskeletal or mental health conditions were referred to the study by their General Practitioner (GP) with the aim of exploring the potential use of CAMS within existing primary care services. Utilising the measure yourself medical outcome profile allowed data to be generated through a validated measurement. Respondents were asked to complete this before their first treatment and again after their final treatment. Additionally there were independent surveys conducted via post to the participants, the GPs and the CAMS practitioners involved. The modalities of CAMS within the study included reflexology, aromatherapy, homeopathy, acupuncture, massage, chiropractor and osteopathy. Upon evaluation, it was concluded that 79% of those who took part felt an improvement in the mental health, 69% reported an improvement on their well being, and 84% reported that improvement of their well being was directly due to the CAM treatments. In addition, 94% stated that they would definitely recommend CAM treatments to others with similar complaints to themselves. Since the research, The Prince of Wales has called for a  £10 million investment into research of CAMS. Whilst the conclusion of this research appears promising for the various therapies involved, a closer look reveals that only a minority of mental health conditions were included in the selection criteria, which were anxiety, stress and depression. If the inclusion criteria allowed for a range of mental health conditions, their findings may have been different. However, strength is that it had a large sample size, which many other studies have failed to have. In response to the above research project, the Government strongly hold the view that more evidence is required, and recommended that research should attempt to contribute to the existing evidence based using the same rigorous methods that is required and desired of conventional medicine (Department of Health, 2001). Reflexology has been described as a technique used to promote the healing powers of the body that works on the premise that certain areas of the feet correspond to areas of the body. It is a non-evasive therapy where gentle pressure is applied to areas of the foot. It is believed that reflexology was practiced in china as early as 4000 BC. Reflexology, originally named zone therapy emerged from America during early 20th century. Reflexology is increasing being utilised in palliative care settings and have found to be effective in alleviating anxiety, additionally improving their physical, emotional, spiritual and psychological well being. Gambles et al (2002) carried out semi-structured interviews to identify cancer patients perceptions after a course of reflexology was offered. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of reflexology offered in outpatients. Positive results were derived from the analysis demonstrating that reflexology was beneficial for this group of clients. The majority of the clients indicated that the main benefits perceived were a reduction in anxiety levels. Other clients highlighted a reduction in pain, and some noted an improvement in their sleep pattern. The lack of negative comments in this study indicates that reflexology was positively received by the client group. However as the findings were mainly gathered from narrative, thus subjective data, it could be said that lack of objective measurement reduces it value. However, the paper included some of the raw data in the form of quotations which enhanced the validity and credibility of the research. While the above research was carried out in Scotland, similar research has been carried out in England (Lewith et al, 2002). Washington Hospices have also seen a significant rise in demand in the utilisation of complementary therapies for individualised, holistic client care (Kozac et al 2009) Research carried out in Northern Ireland to assess CAM use suggested that Reflexology was among the top six therapies used in Northern Ireland. The main reason for the use of reflexology was to enhance wellness and relaxation (Mc Donagh et al, 2007). The method used to carry out this research was surveys and had a sample of 100 people. Write more about this Bring in here about the Mind Report (unpublished research) A qualitative study (Richardson, 2004) found that clients rationale for using complementary therapies is diverse. Reasons ranged from clients feeling unhappy with orthodox medicine, having poor relationships with their GP, for symptom relief, and the increased availability of many complimentary therapies. Not dissimilar to the findings, although more specific to the reasons why clients avail of reflexology, Bishop et al (2008) found that reasons range from; for pleasure, as a treat, anticipated beliefs, prevention/management or alleviating current physical and mental health problems, and as a supplement or addition to conventional medicine. While this research was carried out in England and had a sample population of 46 clients, a bigger sample may have identified broader variations for their use. A systematic review by Wang et al (2008) agreed that there is indeed evidence to support that reflexology may have potential benefits; however they hold the view that there is no evidence to support its efficacy. To conclude their review they suggested that the routine provision of reflexology is not recommended for any illness or condition, expect for some symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis. Upon completing a systemic review Ernst (2009) and in agreement with Wang et al (2008) also concluded that there is evidence to suggest the effectiveness of reflexology although the results of previous studies are not convincing as the methodologies utilised within the trials were often poor with small sample sizes, lacked objective data or contained inaccurate measurements. As the systematic review focused on physical conditions and not mental health disorders the Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of the methodology. This instrument, often used for RCTs within the context of p hysical therapy has a score range of 0-5 (5 being highest quality) and is based on three criteria, is often used globally for the measurement of RCTs (Olivio et al, 2008). It is important however to note that research within complementary therapies often face difficulty in obtaining objective data as it is a very individualised approach, therefore client outcomes vary due to the clients values and belief system and evidence is placed on client feedback and satisfaction. Health professionals are encouraged to work towards evidence based practice, however, as the evidence mainly comes about as the result of Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) this can often place professionals in a dilemma due to the lack of RCTs in some complementary therapies (need ref) The underpinnings of RCTs are that of objective measurement, and often reject or disregard subjective data, which in turn make it more difficult to obtain hard evidence. CAM practitioners and reflexologists treat clients with individ uality, they see their clients as unique therefore the treatment is unique. As a result much of the research into reflexology does not fit adequately in the criteria for RCTs as emphasis is placed on individualising care, not placed on standardising care. For this reason lack of objectivity should not be lack of effectiveness. Need a linking sentence There have been significant changes and developments into the way mental health care is delivered, with much focus and emphasis on community based care. This shift from the traditional long stay hospitals has been seen as a positive step towards person centred holistic care. There is indeed much focus on recovery with the aim of supporting clients to manage their illness so that they can continue to reside within their community and live their life to their optimal best. Beresford (2000) and The Mental Health Foundation (2000) found that people wish to play an active role in their recovery from mental illness which includes being involved in the treatment and decision process and would like the opportunity to avail of complementary therapies. Thornicroft et al (2008) hold the view that central to the provision of effective community based care is that services need to reflect the needs of the clients, be holistic, individualised and patient centred. Keep this paragraph at the end of lit rev. People with mental health illnesses such as anxiety and anxiety related disorders often require different treatments, therapies and services to help them deal with, thus manage their illness more effectively (Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, 2005). Regardless of any methodological flaws, it is important that health professionals take into account clients motivations for using complimentary therapies such as reflexology. We must listen to the clients perceived benefits and work towards a greater understanding of such benefits. . CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY 2.1 DESIGN Quantitative and qualitative approaches, what do each entail, why I have chosen mixed methods There are two main approaches to research; qualitative and quantitative. Each have there own advantages and indeed limitations. These approaches do not have to be used alone, they can often be used together. Mc Neill and Chapman (2005) put forward that mixed methods are often desirable as it enables the researcher to overcome some of the inherent weaknesses that many methods possess. Qualitative research design is often used to gather sensitive information. It aims to gain a more in-depth understanding of peoples beliefs, values, opinions and experiences. The rationale for choosing qualitative over quantitative approaches is that qualitative methods are more holistic; it seeks to understand perceptions held by individuals, and seeks to find out why instead of how many. It is a naturalistic approach whereby the research is carried out under natural conditions. Although qualitative data can be hard to objectively measure, it remains valuable because it considers and represents the perception of humans. A frequent criticism is that the qualitative approach lacks rigour (Rolphe, 2006). Bradbury-Jones (2007) suggest that keeping a reflective diary can enhance rigour whereby the researcher can reflect on their own values, beliefs and preconceptions which can all affect how the responses of the respondents are interpreted. Parahoo (2006) holds the view that reflexivity is not always easy to achieve and suggests that allowing the respondents to read the data obtained for agreement or clarification is a way of validating the data obtained. within the qualitative approach, It is argued that in order to assess the effectiveness and indeed efficacy of any treatment, service or therapy, randomised controlled trails (RCTs) should be used. RCTs are seen to be the gold standard of research (Kunz et al, 2007), however there are also limitations and criticisms of RCTs, especially where placebos are used (Vaque and Rossiter, 2001) Willaims and Garner (2002) proclaim that RCTs merely provide information about groups rather than individual clients. Many RCTs often give age restrictions and tend to focus on groups with the same diagnosis, in other words clients with dual diagnosis or mixed diagnosis are often excluded. Whilst we are encouraged to incorporate the results of RCTs, Naylors (1995) viewpoint is that RCTs lack external validity therefore it is not always possible to use the results and apply them in clinical settings. Using this approach in vulnerable groups also raises several ethical questions and concerns (American Psychiatric Association, 2006; Tharyan, 2006). However Green (2008) exerts that excluding vulnerable groups may also exclude them from gaining benefits The researcher proposes to use semi structured interviews (qualitative) as a means of collecting data and there are many reasons for taking this approach. This method can provide the researcher with rich and valuable information about the experiences and perceptions of clients with a mental health illness. SAMPLE Parahoo (2005) reminds us that selecting a sample for research requires much consideration, especially in mental health nursing research. The target population (sample) required for this proposal is 6 clients within the local community who currently have a diagnosis of anxiety or any anxiety related disorder as categorised in the DSM IV or ICD 10. The vulnerability of this group of clients must be considered whilst recruiting clients. Polit and Back (2004) exerts that clients should never feel obliged to take part in any study and no coercion from the researcher must take place. It is therefore important that when discussing the research with clients that it is emphasised that there will be no penalty for refusal to take part. Write about how you will get the sample How many Inclusion and exclusion criteria For the purpose of this research proposal the researcher has suggested convenience sampling, sometimes referred to as volunteer sampling. As the name suggests the sample is convenient, and is fairly typical of a qualitative approach to research (Burnard, 2004; Polit and Beck, 2010). However, Convenience sampling is not without its limitations (write about some limitations, also the good points). There are no set rules concerning samples sizes, although qualitative sample sizes are generally much smaller than quantitative sample sizes. In order to obtain the sample needed the assistance of the community mental health team (CMHT) is required. An information booklet containing the topic and aims of the research will be mailed to members of the CMHT. When nurses are located the researcher intends to arrange a small conference so that any issues can be raised, this will also provide an opportunity for the CMHT to ask questions. It is important that the researcher also leaves their contact details should any further questions arise. When the team are happy with the research topic and aims, they can discuss this (if applicable) with their clients and leave a participant information booklet with their client to read. If clients have any literacy or reading limitations or any sight problems then it is imperative that their nurse read out the information, or if preferred an audio cass ette will be prepared so the client can listen to the tape at their own time and pace. A client with literacy or communication difficulties should not be discriminated against and it is important that they are not excluded due to reasons mentioned. It may however pose challenges in the data collection and analysis (Low, 2006) The researchers contact details will be provided on the information booklet, which will enable the client to contact the researcher for more information if required. When six clients have shown interest and agreed to participate a consent form must be signed (see appendix). Arrangements will then be put in place, at the convenience of the participants and the reflexologist for the reflexology to commence. 2.3 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION semi structured interviews, BDI 2.4 ROBUSTNESS OF DATA COLLECTION METHODS 2.5 DATA ANALYSIS how are you going to analysis the data, ie through recordings, transcribing the data from the tape etc 2.6 PILOT STUDY 2.7 PROCEDURE FOR MAIN STUDY 2.8 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Research such as the Milgram experiment (where participants inflicted electric shocks to another participant), The Stanford Prison experiment (where participants became verbally and physically abusive towards one another) and The Monster Study (where an attempt to induce stuttering was conducted on orphans) a number of ethical principles and frameworks have been developed with the main aim being the protection of participants well-being (Kovisto et al, 2001; Keogh and Daly, 2009). Indeed the Numberg trials at the end of the second world also received much controversy. This resulted in the formulation of the Numberg code, which has been noted to be one of the worlds most recognised ethical documentation. The Numberg Code and the Helsinki Declaration provide the basis for research. These basic principles are used globally any can provide researchers with an outline to the ethical, moral and legal obligations of research (Benard and Ficher, 2006) Ethical considerations are an important element in any type of research and the onus of upholding the ethics of research should be the responsibility of the researcher (Research Council UK, 2009). Clients with a mental health illness are a vulnerable group and many steps must be taken for their protection. Ethical approval will be sought from the relevant bodies (appendix) (University of Ulster, 2006). it is advised that this can be a lengthy process so the letter will be mailed at the earliest available date. Ethical considerations is not merely about non- maleficience, and beneficence, it is much broader than that. Consideration of the benefits versus the risks must be considered. No research should ever intentionally cause harm. As mentioned in section †¦. An information booklet will be provided for those who wish to take part. The information provided will be easily read, wherever possible will be free of jargon so that it is comprehensible to the reader. A list of contact numbers of local organisations will also be added to the booklet as the nature of the study is obtaining information from a vulnerable population group and any likelihood of upset must be addressed. Other information included in the booklet is; what will happen when the research is completed, upholding confidentiality, the right to withdraw and complaints procedures (Medical Research Council, 2005). It is important that all this information is capsulated within the booklet as a new procedure, intervention or ser vice may seem confusing at first and provoke unnecessary anxiety to both the client and the staff involved. Data Analysis Researchers who use qualitative approaches to gain information can use several ways of analysing their data (Elo and Kyngas, 2007). Only the data analysis method applicable to this research proposal will be discussed here. The first stage of narrative data analysis is to gather all the information that was obtained from the participants, although this may first appear relatively easy task to do, the reality is that it is a lengthy and time consuming process. Furthermore it is not an easy or straightforward task to accomplish. When transcribing the tape recordings it is important that we consider the rate and tone of the speech and be aware of the colloquialisms (slang) used in everyday conversations. Pauses, sighs or any prolonged silences must also be noted as excluding any of these will result in losing valuable information and the transcription will not emphasise or illustrate an understanding of what the participant is trying to put across, in other words we need to be extremely careful when interpreting the data.

Financial Ratios and Stock Return: Evidence on selected Plantation Companies in Malaysia Essay

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK (UNIMAS) SEMESTER 2 2012/2013 FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS (FEB) EBF 3183 FINANCE SEMINAR (Group ASSIGNMENT) Financial Ratios and Stock Return: Evidence on selected Plantation Companies in Malaysia NAME:VICTORIA AK JUTI 28578 VENOSHNI A/P MANOGARAN 28577 PHUA WEE WEE 27952 TEOH CHIEN NI 28513 LING LING26752 GROUP:1 PROGRAMME:FINANCE Financial Ratio and Stock Return: Evidence on selected Plantation Companies in Malaysia Abstract This paper is to investigate the predictive ability of several financial ratios for stock return in Malaysia specifically in plantation industry. 23 listed plantation companies were analysed for the period from 2008 to 2012. Four of the common financial ratios were take into consideration in this study. These financial ratios include dividend yield (DY), book to market ratio (B/M), earning per share (EPS), and firm size. Pool ordinary least squares regression (OLS) method is adopted to estimate the predictive regression. The descriptive statistics indicate that there is a negative relationship between the dependent variable and the two independent variables include B/M and EPS. In contrast, the firm size and DY is positive correlated with the stock return. In addition, the empirical results indicate that dividend yield is the best predictor on stock return in the context of Malaysia’s plantation sector. Section 1 Introduction Introduction Research on predicting stock returns using various variables such as inflation, accuracy of disclosure of public information, discount rates are widely discussed in past studies. Return is something that investor expects to receive on their original investment in the future. Alternatively, financial ratios have provided investors another method in predicting the stock return. Previously, financial ratios are used to evaluate performance of a company. So far, numerous studies on stock return and financial ratios have conducted based on different sectors over the countries. However, the research on plantation sector is limited. Therefore, our main focus of this research is to determine the connection between financial ratio and stock return in the Malaysia stock market especially in the plantation industry. The reason plantation sector is chosen as our focus in this research is due to the growing of global demand in plantation. Presently, plantation is one of the major contributors in the economy of Malaysia amongst the sectors. In Malaysia, oil palm industry is currently the second largest export revenue earner for Malaysia after the electrical and electronics (E&E) sector. Meanwhile, Malaysia is also known as the world’s top exporter of palm oil which exported to several countries such as China, India, the European Union (EU) and Pakistan. Essentially, plantation sector is expected to rise in the future. In this study, we examine how the stock return can be predicted by using the financial ratio. 23 of plantation listing firms in Bursa Malaysia are selected as our research data. Meanwhile, the period we take into consideration is over the period from 2008 to 2012. The purpose of this research is to determine the predictability of financial ratio to the stock returns specifically in the plantation sector. By this research, we intend to provide an analysis of forecasting stock return using financial ratio. Financial ratios that commonly used to forecast the stock return are the dividend yield (DY), book to market ratio (B/M), and firm size. However, we extend the study by adding another financial ratio in predicting the stock return which is the earning per share. The empirical findings of this study indicate that financial ratios do have the predicting power on stock return in Malaysia’s plantation industry. Meanwhile, the results also show that firm size has the strongest forecasting power amongst the four variables. Therefore, we can conclude that our findings are somehow in line with past studies conducted by Fama and French (1988) which revealed that dividend yield was a good forecasting tool in predicting stock return in China, Canada and U.S stock market. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we discussed the previous studies and provide a review of existing literature regarding on predictive ability of financial ratios for stock return. Data and methodology for constructing stock return predictors is discussed in the third section. Section four reveals the empirical findings and lastly followed by conclusion. Objective of study Main: To predict stock return using financial ratios General: To reveal more information regarding financial ratio acts as the predictor of stock return. To investigate how significant is the selected variables in forecasting the stock return. To determine which independent variables has greater predictive power. Significance of study Investing in stock market is risky. Therefore, a predicting tool is important for a wise investor to estimate the appropriate return of an investment. This research is significance in revealing the use of financial ratio as a forecasting tool of stock return. Previously, studies on the determinant of stock return are widely discussed by many of the researchers from all over the world. This study also tends to test whether our empirical results are parallel with previous research. Financial ratio is one of the most common tools that act as a financial analysis to compare the performance between companies or between industries. Currently, financial ratio analysis is not only can be used to evaluate the performance of company but also a predictor tool of the stock return. Financial ratio is computed through the items presented in financial statement of the company. For instance, financial ratio can be divided into several categories such as market debt ratio, liquidity ratio, profitability ratio, investment ratio and others. In addition, this study also acts as guidance and reference for further  research on similar topic. By referring this study, interested investor and researcher can apply different indicator, and other relevant factors to do further research. Theoretical Framework Section 2 Literature Review In this section is described the results of some of the most important researches which conducted in the context of financial ratios and the stock return. The financial ratios as empirical predictors of stock returns in the selected 23 plantations companies listed on the Malaysian Stock Exchange during the period 2008 to 2012. For this research, we used stock price as a dependent variable while dividend yields, book market, earning per share and asset size as independent variables. Stock returns, dividend yield (DY), asset size, earning yield (EY) and book-to-market ratio (B/M) have a strong theoretical background based on the predictive models. Some of the studies such as Fama and French (1988), Stattman (1980), Kothari and Shanken (1997) has done research on predictive variables, including, dividend yield, book to market, earning per share and asset size forecast stock return. Hodrick (1992), Fama and French (1988) has been study that DY has the predictive power on stock returns, a s the relationship between DY and return are developed by the appealing patterns. Moreover, DY track variation in return and can predict future return in 36 international markets. To illustrate the predictive power of DY, they introduced an explosive new test to improve the predictive ability of financial ratios especially DY during 55 years. Therefore, DY is regarded as a good predictor of stock returns in China, Canada and U.S stock market. Consequently, the DY as a strong predictor can contribute to stock return predictability. Banze (1981) and Reinganum (1981) found out that relationship between sizes (market value) has a significant effect on stock return. Smaller companies have more return than bigger companies. It is because first, intentional or unintentional errors are less likely to happen because of installing strong internal controlling systems in big companies, consequently audits can rely more on the company internal controlling systems and decrease increasingly the amount of content test. Second, big companies can recruit more accountants with more expertise and  higher education, and more advanced informational systems. According to study done by Fama and French (1988), they presented a firm background for the relationship between market size and stock return. Fama and French using Running single and mul tiple tests, they found a positive relationship between markets size and stock return. In fact, they doubt on beta sensitivity in capital assets pricing model, and generally stock return. Stattman (1980) has done study on indicated the positive relationship between return and the book-to-market ratio (B/M). Considerable evidence they suggested that BM ratios are related to future returns, and denoted the predictive power of B/M ratio on stock returns caused by the relationship between book value and future earnings, and provided evidence that the B/M ratios predict negative expected returns and track variation in return. The results of recent survey confirmed previous results that the BM ratio is positively related to stock returns. According to Hakkio and Rush (1991) have study on the relationship between stock return and earnings per share. They found that the subdivision do not improve the test power. Besides, there exists a non-stationary problem for stock prices and EPS, the non-stationary may lead to the problem of spurious regression for previous studies. Auret and Sinclaire (2006) has been studied the relationship between the ratio of book value to market value (BTM) and stock return in the years 1990 to 2000 in the companies listed in the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). In this study is used from the ratio of book value to market value (BTM), price to Earnings (P/E), dividend yield (DY), and firm size as independent and control variables. The results indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between the ratio of book value to market value and stock return. But there is no significant relationship between the ratio of price to earnings and stock returns. According to Kheradyar, Ibrahim and Mat (2011) has been study on investigated the role of financial ratios as empirical predictors of stock returns in the 100 companies listed on the Malaysian Stock Exchange during the period 2000 to 2009. In their study is used from the variables of dividend yield (DY), earnings yield (EY) and Book-to-market ratio (BTM) as financial ratios to predict stock returns. To estimate the regression model used from panel data and generalized least squares (GLS) methods. Research findings indicate that there is a significant and positive relationship between financial ratios  and stock return of next year. Also, the results showed that the ratio of book value to market value is superior against dividend yield and earning s yield in explaining stock return of next year. Lau, Lee and Mclnish (2002) has been study on the relationship between stock returns and systematic risk with firm size, the ratio of book value to market value of equity, price to earnings ratio, the ratio of cash flow to price and sale growth in both Malaysia and Singapore. Their studied sample is 82 companies listed in the Singapore Stock Exchange and 163 companies listed in the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange during the period 1988-1996. Results for Singaporean companies are indicating that there is no significant relationship between the ratio of book value to market value (BTM) and earnings to price ratio (E/P) with stock returns. The results for Malaysian companies show that there is significant and positive relationship between the ratio of earnings to price (E/P) and stock returns. But the relationship between the ratio of book value to market value (BTM) and stock returns is not significant. Kothari and Shanken (1997) has been study on the relationship between the ratio of book value to market value and dividend yield with the expected market return. Results have shown that there is a significant and positive relationship between the ratio of book value to market value (BTM) and the dividend yield with market returns of future year. Also, the results indicate the superiority of book value to market value ratio against dividend yield in explaining future market returns. According to study done by Fama and French (1988), Hodrick (1992) and Stambaugh (1999) have shown that the variables of earnings to price ratio, the ratio of dividends to the price and short-term interest rates can better predict stock returns. As a conclusion, financial theories lay great emphasis on the role of risk in stock returns so the relationship between stock returns and financial ratios is because the ratios captured information about the risk. Therefore, these three financial ratios are supported by financial theoretical basis. Section 3 Data and Methodology Data Collection Methods The data collected are mainly from secondary data. The secondary data that used in this paper are included the closing price, dividend yield, book to market, earning per share and asset size of each plantation company from  year 2008 to 2012. These closing prices will be collected from yahoo finance but for the dividend yield, book to market, earning per share and asset size will be collected from data stream. Target Population The secondary data will be used in this paper to test whether dividend yield, book to market, earning per share and asset size forecast stock return or not. Therefore, the 23 stocks listed on Bursa Malaysia will be obtained. They are included: 1ï ¼Å½ UNITED MALACCA 2ï ¼Å½ NPC RESOURCES 3ï ¼Å½ KWANTAS 4ï ¼Å½ SARAWAK OIL PALMS 5ï ¼Å½ TH PLANTATIONS 6ï ¼Å½ TSH RESOURCES 7ï ¼Å½ CEPATWAWASAN GROU 8ï ¼Å½ CHIN TECK PLANTATIONS 9ï ¼Å½ KIM LOONG RESOURCES 10ï ¼Å½ FAR EAST HOLDINGS 11ï ¼Å½ KLUANG RUBBER 12ï ¼Å½ NEGRI SEMBILAN OIL PALMS 13ï ¼Å½ SUNGEI BAGAN RUBBER 14ï ¼Å½ UNICO-DESA PLANTATIONS 15ï ¼Å½ GOLDEN LAND 16ï ¼Å½ RIVERVIEW RUBBER ESTS. 17ï ¼Å½ UNITED PLANTATIONS 18ï ¼Å½ TRADEWINDS PLANTATION 19ï ¼Å½ MHC PLANTATIONS 20ï ¼Å½ IJM PLANTATIONS 21ï ¼Å½ HAP SENG PLTNS.HDG 22ï ¼Å½ CHIN TECK PLANTATIONS 23ï ¼Å½ GENTING PLANTATIONS Data Analysis The collected data were analyzed by using Microsoft Excel and Eview. Microsoft Excel will be used to calculate the stock returns for each stock for a period of around 5 years which are the year from 2008 to 2012. Besides, pool ordinary least squares regression, descriptive statistic, correlation and Hausman test from Eview will be used to run the result of our research. Dependent variable a. Stock return The total stock return can be gain through the appreciation in the price plus any dividends paid and then divided by the original price of the stock. The dividends can include any of the income sources from a stock. Commonly, it is increase in value. Thus, the first portion of the numerator of the total stock return formula is looks at how much the value has increased (P1 – P0). Then, it needs to remind that the denominator of the formula which is use to calculate a stock’s total return is considered as the original price of the stock which is used due to being the original amount invested. Total stock return calculated as follow: Total stock return = where = Ending stock price (period 1) = Initial stock price D = Dividends Independent variable b. Dividend yield Usually, a financial ratio can be used to show how much a company pays out in dividends each year which is relative to its share price. Therefore, it can be said that the dividend yield is the return on investment for a stock in the absence of any capital gains. Dividend yield is calculated as follows: Dividend yield = Annual dividends per share / Price per share c. Book to market Sometimes, we also use a financial ratio to find the value of a company. It can be found by comparing the book value of a firm to its market value. Book  value can be calculated by looking at the firm’s historical cost or accounting value. On the other hand, market value is determined in the stock market through its market capitalization. Book value is calculated as follows: Book to market = Book value of firm / Market value of firm d. Earnings per share The earnings per share (EPS) can be defined as the portion of a company’s earnings, net of taxes and preferred stock dividends. Usually, all of them are allocated to each share of common stock. EPS is calculated as follows: EPS = Net earnings / Outstanding shares e. Asset size Asset size is defined as the total of the current assets and the non-current assets which is holding by a company. Asset size is calculated as follows: Asset size = total asset Pool OLS regression Stock return = + (dividend yield) + (book to market) + (earning per share) + (asset size) + Pool OLS is to measure whether there is positive or negative relationship between dependent variable (stock return) and independent variable (dividend yield, book to market, earning per share and asset size). R-squared is the total variation dependent Y is explained by the total variation of independent X. F-statistic is to test whether the overall goodness of fit is good or not. The significant level is set at 1%, 5% or 10%. Descriptive Statistic Descriptive statistic is to provide simple summarizes about the sample and the observation that have been made like mean and median. Correlation The correlation is called the correlation coefficient (or â€Å"r†). It ranges from -1.0 to +1.0. If r is close to 0, it means there is no relationship between the variables. If r is positive, it means that as one variable gets larger the other gets larger. If r is negative it means that as one gets larger, the other gets smaller (often called an â€Å"inverse† correlation). Hausman test Hausman test is usually applied to test for fixed versus random effects models. Ho: Cov (ÃŽ »i, xit) = 0 (Random Effect) H1: Cov (ÃŽ »i, xit) ≠  0 (Fixed Effect) If the p-value is lower than 0.01, we reject Ho. This indicated that the fixed effects model is preferred. If p-value greater than 0.01. We do not reject Ho. This means that the random effect is preferred. Random effect model is to utilize in meta-analysis. It is using both study sampling error and variances. The variations between studies are included in the assessment of the uncertainty or confidence interval of the results of a meta-analysis. In addition, random effects model is apply when there is no correlation between the regresses and the individual effects. On the other hand, fixed effect model stipulates the units under analysis such as people in a trial or study in a meta-analysis are the ones of interest. Thus, this model constitutes the entire population of units. The variation between the estimates of effect from each study name as heterogeneity. It does not affect the confidence interval. Besides, this model is applied when there is allow for arbitrary correlation between the regresses and the individual effects. Section 4 Data and Empirical Results Research Findings: Descriptive statistics Variables N Mean Maximum Minimum Standard Deviation Stock Return 115 0.069304 1.170000 -0.600000 0.308345 Dividend yield 115 3.356435 10.31000 0.370000 2.220661 Earnings per share 115 0.345304 1.800000 0.040000 0.300544 Book to market value 115 1.193478 2.950000 0.340000 0.542936 Firm Assets 115 13.64433 15.36144 12.01738 0.816106 From the table above, on average or the mean stock return level for firms is 0.07% with a maximum value of 1.17% from 2008 to 2012. As we can see, average dividend yield for the plantation firms in Malaysia is the highest which mean 3.36% return of plantation firms in Malaysia are generated by dividend yield. Looking for the earnings per share, it shows low earnings  per common share. On average Malaysian plantation firms only make earnings about 0.04% and the highest is 1.8%. This amount of earnings per share is very low compared to the dividend yield. Average book to market value is 1.19% with a maximum value of 2.95%. Firm asset is one of the most important bank specific variables that will affect stock return. Total assets value for Malaysian plantation firms ranges from 12.02% to 15.36%. The range is big and this may due to the sample firms having operated for different lengths of time. Correlation SR DY EPS LSIZE MVB SR 1.000000 DY 0.188256 1.000000 EPS -0.048140 0.084159 1.000000 LSIZE 0.055228 -0.150209 0.239308 1.000000 MVB -0.313238 -0.014558 0.383026 0.509393 1.000000 The stock returns for two variable that is earning per share and market to book value are moving in totally opposite direction linearly. These are because the correlation between stock return and earning per share and also the correlation between stock return and market to book value are negative relationships which are -0.05 and -0.3. On the other hand, the correlation between stock return and total asset and also the correlation between stock return and dividend yield are positively correlated which are 0.05 and 0.19. As a conclusion, based on the result above the dividend yield recorded the strongest correlated to stock return. Pooled Ordinary Least Square Dependent Variable: Stock Return Variables Coefficient Std.Error t-Statistic Probability C -1.424024 0.492529 -2.891247 0.0046 DY 0.031544 0.011973 2.634631 0.0096 EPS 0.044259 0.094578 0.467969 0.6407 LSIZE 0.125167 0.037734 3.317073 0.0012 MVB -0.281240 0.058763 -4.786012 0.0000 R-squared 0.214105 Adjusted R-squared 0.185527 F-statistic 7.491945 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000022 SR= -1.4240 + 0.0315 DY + 0.0443 EPS + 0.1252 LSIZE – 0.2812 MVB where SR = Stock Return DY = Dividend Yield EPS = Earnings Per Share LSIZE =Log Firm Size MVB = Book to Market Value The intercept value of -1.4240 means that if the all independent variable are zero, the stock returns will expected to be -1.4240. the R-squared is 0.2141 means that about 21.4% of the total variation dependent Y is explained by the total variation of independent X. the F-statistic is 0.000022 means that  this regression model is statistically significant at 5% level of significant. Therefore, the overall goodness of fit is good. From this regression, dividend yield and firm size showed positive relationship to stock return as shown by the positive coefficient. Both variables of p-value are significant at 1% of significant level. There is negative relationship between book to market value as shown by negative coefficients and the p-value is significant at 1% of significant level. The relationship between stock return and earning per share is negative and the p-value is not significant at 10% of significant level. Fixed effect model Dependent Variable: Stock return Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Probability C -4.296162 2.324473 -1.848231 0.0679 DY 0.040577 0.020388 1.990207 0.0497 EPS -0.153195 0.222027 -0.689983 0.4920 LSIZE 0.361256 0.168448 2.144618 0.0347 MVB -0.542055 0.096166 -5.636630 0.0000 The table shows the dividend yield, earning per share, firm size and book to market value. The dividend yield, size and book to market value were found be significant, the p-value are 0.0497, 0.0347 and 0.0000 respectively which are significant at 5% of significant level. The earnings per share was found not be significant, since p-value is 0.4920 which is greater than 0.05. Thus, dividend yield, size and book to market value were impact on the stock return of Malaysian plantation sector. Random effect model Dependent Variable: Stock return Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Probability C -1.424024 0.450854 -3.158502 0.0020 DY 0.031544 0.010960 2.878165 0.0048 EPS 0.044259 0.086575 0.511226 0.6102 LSIZE 0.125167 0.034541 3.623689 0.0004 MVB -0.281240 0.053791 -5.228410 0.0000 The table shows the dividend yield, earning per share, firm size and book to market value. The dividend yield, firm size and book to market value were found be significant, the p-value are 0.0048, 0.0004 and 0.0000 respectively which are significant at 5% of significant level. The earnings per share was found not be significant, since p-value is 0.6102 which is greater than 0.05. Hausman test Test Summary Chi-Sq. Statistic Chi-Sq. d.f. Prob. Cross-section random 35.021193 4 0.0000 Hausman test is used to test hypotheses in terms of bias or inconsistency of an estimator. For this specification test, H0 and H1 are: H0: Cov(ÃŽ » , x ) = 0 H1: Cov(ÃŽ » , x ) ≠  0 The result of Hausman Test illustrated the p-value is 0.0000 which is smaller than 0.01. Therefore, it is statistically significant at 1% of significant level. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected and concludes that the fixed effect is preferred. Section 5 Summary and Conclusion The purpose of this study is to investigate the predictive ability of the selected financial ratios on stock return in Malaysia specifically in plantation sector over the period from 2008 to 2012. Among the financial ratios, three commonly used financial ratios are included which is the dividend yield, firm size, earning per share (EPS) and book to market ratio. As a result, this study has provided evidence that financial ratios played a significant role in predicting stock return. In addition, the empirical findings also revealed that dividend yield, book to market ratio and firm size have significant relationship on stock return of Malaysia plantation sector among the financial ratios. However, the research finding indicate that the dividend yield has the strongest forecasting ability on stock return and it is in line with the past studies by Fama and French (1988) who found out that there is a strong predictive power of dividend yield on stock return. In summary, this study might not applicable to other region or other industry. Nevertheless, it has provided better information regarding the forecasting power of financial ratio on stock return. 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